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Ilm al-Ghayb

The holy Prophet ﷺ came out of his house 𝐛𝐞𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐭𝐰𝐨 𝐛𝐨𝐨𝐤𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐡𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐬. He ﷺ said: “Do you know what these books are?” The Ṣaḥāba said: “No, O Allāh’s Messenger. Please tell us about these books.” The holy Prophet ﷺ pointed at the book in his right hand and said: “This is the Book from Almighty Allāh. It contains the names of the inmates of Paradise and their father’s names and the names of their clans. The total number of the inmates of Paradise is given at the end of this book.” 
Then the noble Prophet ﷺ pointed at the other book in his left hand and said: “This is a Book from Allāh, the Creator of the worlds. It contains the names of the inmates of Hell and their father’s names and the names of their tribes. The total number of inmates of the Hell is given at the end of the text. This number will never change, neither addition nor deletion.”
► Mishkāt al-Maṣābīḥ, Vol. 1, Pg. 61, Graded Ṣaḥīḥ
► Jāmiʾ at-Tirmidhī, Ḥadīth 2141
This Narration is also available in many Ḥadīth books such as:
► Musnad Aḥmad
► Muʾjam al-Ṭabarānī
Points which can be derived from the Ḥadīth:
1. The Prophet ﷺ was informed by Allāh of the destiny of all the people from the time of Nabī Ādam (ʿalayhis-salām) until Qiyāmah.
2. The Prophet ﷺ knew how many will enter Jannah and how many will enter Jahannam. 
3. The Prophet ﷺ knew the names of the people of the past, present and future and recognises their fathers as well.
4. The Prophet ﷺ knew even the clan and the tribe of a person of past, present and future and which they belonged to.
5. Every clan or tribe from the time of Sayyidunā Ādam (ʿalayhis-salām) until Qiyāmah is known to the Prophet ﷺ.
6. The Beloved Prophet ﷺ knew the state of īmān (faith) of every person at his/her last breath.
7. The Beloved Prophet ﷺ knew the final abode of every single person.
8. Thus, the Prophet ﷺ also knew the Muslims who will be punished for sometime before entering their final abode (Jannah).