What is an 'عرس' (Urs)?
An Urs is simply a gathering done every year on the date of the passing of a WaliAllah for Isaal-e-Thawaab, Quran is recited, Hadith Shareef is mentioned, Naats are recited, their lives are mentioned, food is given, all of these acts are rewardable & a cause for Rahma to descend.
Literally the word Urs refers to a 'wedding' or a 'wedding feast', for this reason a bridegroom is called an 'Uroos'. (Check any Arabic dictionary for this).
The word 'Uroos' (عروس) appears in the Hadith Shareef which mentions Munkar & Nakir saying to the Succesful person:
"..نم كنومة العروس الذي لا يوقظه إلا أحب أهله إليه.."
.."Sleep like a bride who will not be awakened by anyone except for the person who is most beloved to her..." (Sunan at-Tirmidhi, Hassan)
Note: These are the Awliyya, as far I know the most beloved to the Awliyya are Allah سبحانه و تعالى & His Rasool صَلَّى الـلّٰـهُ عَلَيْهِ وَاٰلِهٖ وَسَلَّم, dwell on that.
Why do it once a year?
The validity of this is found in the Hadith Shareef which mentions:
"..أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم كان يزور قبور الشهداء في رأس كل حول، فيقول لهم: { سَلَـٰمٌ عَلَيْكُم بِمَا صَبَرْتُمْ فَنِعْمَ عُقْبَىٰ ٱلدَّارِ } وكذلك أبو بكر وعمر وعثمان"
Rasoolullah صَلَّى الـلّٰـهُ عَلَيْهِ وَاٰلِهٖ وَسَلَّم used to go to the graves of the martyrs of Uhud once a year and say to them, '"Peace be upon you, the recompense of your patience - so what an excellent gain is the final abode!"
And so did the Khulafah ( Sayyidunah) Abu Bakr & (Sayyiduna) Umar & (Sayyiduna) Uthman" رضي الله عنهم.
From the above we learn it is indeed a Sunnah of Rasoolullah صَلَّى الـلّٰـهُ عَلَيْهِ وَاٰلِهٖ وَسَلَّم and the Sahaba Kiraam رضي الله عنهم to visit graves once a year for reciting Quran as the words are from Surah ar-Ra'd;
('سَلَـٰمٌ عَلَيْكُم بِمَا صَبَرْتُمْ فَنِعْمَ عُقْبَىٰ ٱلدَّارِ')
Why fix it to a day?
In short, its a Sunnah to observe certain things on certain days.
In essence, as mentioned above it is an occasion of Isaal-e-Thawaab & a cause for tremendous blessings if observed Properly.
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